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Historical Revivals

Common Threads in Revival: What Causes It and Sustains It

Analyzing the revivals covered in these articles—The Northampton Revival, The Second Great Awakening, The Welsh Revival, The Azusa Street Revival, The Moravian Revival, and The Hebrides Revival—reveals consistent principles that ignite revival and sustain its effects. Across history, while each revival is unique, there are striking similarities in the way God moves among His people and what is required to sustain His work. Here’s an overview:

What Causes Revival?

1. Fervent, Persistent Prayer

Every revival began with a small group of believers who were deeply committed to prayer. Whether it was the elderly sisters of the Hebrides, the prayer groups in Northampton, or the 100-year prayer chain of the Moravians, prayer was the catalyst that invited God’s Spirit to move. This aligns with the promise of 2 Chronicles 7:14: “If My people… humble themselves, and pray and seek My face…”.

  • Prayer was not casual or secondary; it was desperate, persistent, and often around-the-clock. Revival begins when God’s people take Him at His Word and cry out for His presence.

2. Hunger for God and Holiness

A deep hunger for God and a recognition of spiritual need were present in all these revivals. Leaders and participants felt burdened by sin and spiritual apathy, which drove them to repentance and a renewed pursuit of holiness. Revival occurs when people acknowledge their dependence on God and desire His righteousness above all else.

  • Psalm 24:3-4 was central in many movements: “Who may ascend onto the mountain of the Lord?… He who has clean hands and a pure heart.”

3. Unity Among Believers

Disunity hinders revival. Before the Moravian Revival began, the fractured Herrnhut community reconciled their differences and committed to love and unity. Similarly, the Welsh Revival transcended denominational lines, and Azusa Street broke racial and social barriers.

  • Revival often comes after believers humble themselves, forgive one another, and commit to unity. Psalm 133:1 reminds us: “Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brothers to dwell together in unity!”

4. Bold, Spirit-Led Preaching

In nearly every revival, Spirit-filled preaching played a pivotal role. Jonathan Edwards’ sermons in Northampton, Charles Finney’s bold messages during the Second Great Awakening, and Duncan Campbell’s Spirit-led preaching in the Hebrides deeply convicted hearts. These messages focused on repentance, salvation, and the beauty of Christ.

  • Preaching that relies on the Holy Spirit rather than human wisdom pierces hearts. 1 Corinthians 2:4: “My message and my preaching were not in persuasive words of wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power.”

5. The Sovereignty of God

A common thread is the undeniable sovereignty of God in revival. While prayer, preaching, and unity are important, revival ultimately happens because God chooses to move. His Spirit brings conviction and transformation, often in ways no one can predict or control.

  • This is especially evident in movements like the Hebrides Revival, where people were convicted spontaneously, even in fields or workplaces.

What Sustains Revival?

1. Continuous Prayer

Revival cannot last without persistent prayer. The Moravian Revival’s 100-year prayer chain illustrates this perfectly. Similarly, in the Hebrides, prayer meetings continued nightly, fueling the ongoing work of the Spirit.

  • Revival fades when God’s people stop seeking Him. Prayer keeps hearts tender and focused on God’s mission. 1 Thessalonians 5:17: “Pray without ceasing.”

2. Commitment to Holiness and Repentance

Revivals that lasted emphasized personal holiness and ongoing repentance. The Welsh Revival, for example, stressed confession of sin and obedience to the Holy Spirit. Sustained revival requires believers to remain vigilant against sin and continually seek God’s sanctifying work.

  • 1 Peter 1:16: “Be holy, because I am holy.”

3. A Missional Mindset

Revivals that endure often produce a strong missionary impulse. The Moravian Revival birthed global missions, and the Azusa Street Revival sent missionaries worldwide. When believers focus outward—sharing the Gospel and serving others—the revival spirit continues.

  • Revival that turns inward or becomes self-serving will fade. Jesus’ command in Matthew 28:19 to “Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations” remains central.

4. Unity in the Body of Christ

Division quenches revival. Revivals that lasted fostered unity among believers, often transcending denominational, racial, or social boundaries. The Azusa Street Revival exemplified this unity, with people from all backgrounds worshiping together.

  • Sustained revival requires believers to maintain humility, love, and unity. Ephesians 4:3: “Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace.”

5. God-Dependent Leadership

Revivals are often sparked by humble leaders who point people to God, not themselves. William J. Seymour (Azusa Street) and Duncan Campbell (Hebrides) were examples of leaders who emphasized the sovereignty of God and the work of the Holy Spirit, not their own efforts.

  • Revival fades when leaders seek personal glory or rely on human strategies rather than the Spirit. Zechariah 4:6: “Not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit,” says the Lord of hosts.

Summary: The Causes and Continuation of Revival

What Causes Revival?

  • Persistent, fervent prayer.
  • Hunger for God and holiness.
  • Unity among believers.
  • Spirit-filled preaching.
  • God’s sovereign work.

What Sustains Revival?

  • Continuous prayer and intercession.
  • Ongoing repentance and pursuit of holiness.
  • A missional focus to spread the Gospel.
  • Unity and humility within the church.
  • God-centered leadership that depends on the Spirit.

A Final Call to Seek Revival

The consistent threads across these historical revivals remind us that revival is both a gift from God and a response to the faithfulness of His people. Prayer, repentance, unity, and a commitment to His mission prepare the soil, but it is the Spirit of God who brings the harvest. As we look to these past movements of God, may we be inspired to seek His face and pray for a fresh outpouring of His Spirit in our time.

Prayer

Heavenly Father,

We come before You with humble hearts, seeking Your face. We long for Your presence to fill our lives, our churches, and our communities. Forgive us, Lord, for the sins that have kept us from You—cleanse our hearts and make us holy.

Stir within us a deep hunger to know You more and to walk in Your ways. Unite us as Your people, casting aside divisions, so that we may glorify You together. We ask for a fresh outpouring of Your Spirit, Lord. Please come and move among us as You have in the past. Let Your glory fall, and may revival begin in our hearts today.

In Jesus’ name, we pray, Amen.

See Also

Historical Revivals

The Jesus Movement: Revival in a Countercultural Generation

In the turbulent 1960s and 1970s, as the world grappled with social upheaval, political unrest, and the cultural revolution, God moved powerfully among a countercultural generation. Known as the Jesus Movement, this revival brought thousands of disillusioned young people—often called hippies—into a transformative relationship with Jesus Christ. It was a time when unconventional methods met an unchanging Gospel, sparking a revival that spread across the United States and beyond.

The Jesus Movement was marked by a return to the simplicity of the Gospel, authentic worship, and an emphasis on personal transformation. Its legacy continues to shape evangelical Christianity, inspiring new generations to seek God passionately and share His love boldly.

The Cultural Context

The Jesus Movement arose during a time of cultural and moral upheaval. The 1960s were defined by protests against the Vietnam War, the civil rights movement, and the rise of the sexual revolution. Many young people rejected traditional societal structures, seeking meaning in drugs, Eastern religions, and communal living. The counterculture was characterized by a longing for freedom, authenticity, and purpose, but it often led to despair and disillusionment.

Amid this spiritual vacuum, the message of Jesus Christ began to resonate. Jesus was seen as the ultimate revolutionary—one who offered love, acceptance, and purpose without pretense. The words of Matthew 11:28 spoke deeply to this generation: “Come to Me, all who are weary and heavily burdened [by religious rituals that provide no peace], and I will give you rest [refreshing your souls with salvation]” (AMP).

The Spark of Revival

The Jesus Movement began in California, particularly in areas like San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district and Southern California’s beaches. Early on, small groups of Christians reached out to hippies, inviting them to hear the Gospel and experience the love of Jesus. Chuck Smith, pastor of a small church called Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, played a pivotal role.

In 1968, Smith and his wife Kay met Lonnie Frisbee, a charismatic young man with a background in the counterculture. Frisbee had recently come to faith in Christ and had a passion for sharing the Gospel. Together, Smith and Frisbee began welcoming hippies into their church. Services became packed as young people sought God, leading to spontaneous baptisms in the Pacific Ocean and worship gatherings that overflowed with joy and zeal.

What began as a local movement in California quickly spread across the country. As thousands came to Christ, traditional churches struggled to keep up with the influx of young people who brought their unconventional style and passion for worship into the pews.

Distinctive Marks of the Jesus Movement

The Jesus Movement was unique in many ways, marked by several defining characteristics:

1. A Return to Simplicity

The movement emphasized the simple, life-changing message of the Gospel: Jesus saves sinners, transforms lives, and offers eternal hope. This resonated with a generation disillusioned by religious formalism.

  • John 14:6: “Jesus said to him, ‘I am the [only] Way [to God] and the [real] Truth and the [real] Life; no one comes to the Father but through Me’” (AMP).

2. Authentic Worship

Worship during the Jesus Movement was raw and heartfelt, often featuring contemporary music styles. This era gave rise to modern Christian music, with artists like Larry Norman, Love Song, and Keith Green writing songs that reflected their faith journey.

3. Bold Evangelism

Those touched by the movement had a deep desire to share the Gospel with others. Open-air preaching, street evangelism, and public baptisms became hallmarks of the movement.

4. Spontaneous Community

House churches and small groups flourished, creating spaces for discipleship and prayer. The movement emphasized the relational aspect of faith, with believers supporting and encouraging one another.

5. Focus on Scripture

The Jesus People were hungry for the Word of God, often carrying their Bibles everywhere and studying them with zeal. Calvary Chapel, under Chuck Smith’s leadership, became known for its verse-by-verse teaching of Scripture.

The Movement’s Ripple Effect

The Jesus Movement not only transformed individual lives but also reshaped the broader evangelical landscape. Churches like Calvary Chapel and the Vineyard Fellowship emerged from the movement, emphasizing Spirit-led worship and practical teaching. The movement also sparked the growth of contemporary Christian music, which made worship more accessible and relatable for younger generations.

One of the most significant impacts of the Jesus Movement was its focus on evangelism. Events like Explo ’72, a massive gathering in Texas organized by Campus Crusade for Christ, brought together over 80,000 young people to worship and share their faith. The movement’s emphasis on reaching the lost and equipping believers for ministry remains a vital part of its legacy.

Lessons from the Jesus Movement

The Jesus Movement provides timeless lessons for Christians today:

1. God Meets People Where They Are

The revival reminds us that God’s love transcends cultural norms. He reaches people in their brokenness and draws them into His transformative grace.

  • Romans 5:8: “But God clearly shows and proves His own love for us, by the fact that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us” (AMP).

2. Authenticity Matters

This generation longed for authenticity, and the Jesus Movement showed that genuine faith, rooted in Scripture and lived out with integrity, is compelling.

3. Worship Is a Heart Response

The spontaneous, contemporary worship of the Jesus Movement reminds us that worship isn’t about style but about a heart fully devoted to God.

4. Every Believer Is Called to Evangelism

The boldness of the Jesus People in sharing their faith challenges us to step out of our comfort zones and proclaim the Gospel with joy.

5. Revival Can Happen Anywhere

From beaches to street corners, the Jesus Movement showed that revival doesn’t require a traditional setting—it requires hungry hearts and the power of the Holy Spirit.

A Call for Revival Today

The Jesus Movement reminds us that God often moves in unexpected ways and among unlikely people. It began in a generation searching for meaning and found its fulfillment in the person of Jesus Christ. Today, we are called to the same simplicity, authenticity, and passion for sharing the Gospel. As we pray for revival, may we, like those in the Jesus Movement, surrender ourselves to God’s will and seek His Spirit to transform our lives and communities.

Prayer for Revival

Lord, we thank You for the testimony of the Jesus Movement and the lives transformed by Your grace. Teach us to love You with simplicity and authenticity, to worship You with our whole hearts, and to boldly share Your Gospel. Stir a revival in our generation so that many would come to know You as Savior and Lord. In Jesus’ name, Amen.